[26], Spanish conquistadors who explored the region in the 16th century encountered some of the Mississippian peoples, including the Muscogee Creek, Yuchi, and Shawnee. After the disenfranchisement of blacks, the Republican Party became a primarily white sectional party supported mostly in East Tennessee. The state is about 440 miles (710km) long from east to west and 112 miles (180km) wide from north to south. [249] In addition to the major cities, the Tri-Cities of Kingsport, Bristol, and Johnson City are considered the sixth major population center. [340] Tennessee is home to eight National Scenic Byways, including the Natchez Trace Parkway, the East Tennessee Crossing Byway, the Great River Road, the Norris Freeway, Cumberland National Scenic Byway, Sequatchie Valley Scenic Byway, The Trace, and the Cherohala Skyway. [451] The Tennessee Smokies, which have played continuously since 1972,[452] and Chattanooga Lookouts, which have played continuously since 1976,[453] are members of the Double-A classification Southern League. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. Hodges. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. All of these except the Times Free Press are owned by Gannett. [125][126] Reformers worked to modernize Tennessee into a "New South" economy during this time. [432] The Republican Southern strategy did not have as much of an effect in Tennessee as in most Southern states, but the elections of Winfield Dunn as governor and Bill Brock to the U.S. Senate in 1970 further helped make the GOP competitive among Whites in statewide elections. [72][73] Elections for a constitutional convention were held in December 1795, and the delegates convened in Knoxville on January 17, 1796, to begin drafting a state constitution. It is tied with Missouri as the state bordering the most other states. [225], Forests cover about 52% of Tennessee's land area, with oakhickory the dominant type. [230] Pine forests are also found throughout the state. Paleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [328] Iron ore was another major mineral mined in Tennessee until the early 20th century. I-155 is a branch route of I-55 that serves the northwestern part of the state. [127] As part of the Temperance movement, Tennessee became the first state in the nation to effectively ban the sale, transportation, and production of alcohol in a series of laws passed between 1907 and 1917. During the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from a predominantly agrarian society to a more diversified economy. Tennessee is under the jurisdiction of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which has jurisdiction over three district courts in the state: the Eastern, Middle, and Western districts. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [304] In addition, the state contains more than 900 automotive suppliers. [127] Memphis became known as the "Cotton Capital of the World" during the late 19th century, and Nashville, Knoxville, and several smaller cities saw modest industrialization. [44][45] Hostilities erupted between the British and the Cherokees into an armed conflict, and a siege of the fort ended with its surrender in 1760. [428] During the first half of the 20th century, state politics were dominated by the Democratic Crump machine in Memphis. [400] The Supreme Court of Tennessee appoints the state's Attorney General, a practice only found in Tennessee. [365], In 2014, the Tennessee General Assembly created the Tennessee Promise, which allows in-state high school graduates to enroll in two-year post-secondary education programs such as associate degrees and certificates at community colleges and trade schools in Tennessee tuition-free, funded by the state lottery, if they meet certain requirements. [333][334][335] Its top tourist attraction is the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited national park in the U.S., with more than 14 million visitors annually. [350], Many museums and historic sites recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music, including Sun Studio, Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, Stax Museum of American Soul Music, and Blues Hall of Fame in Memphis, the Ryman Auditorium, Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum, National Museum of African American Music, and Music Row in Nashville, the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson, the Mountain Music Museum in Kingsport, and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum in Bristol. Don't be embarrassed, few get it right", "Tennessee's huge auto industry: 7 things you may not know", "Ford aims to create 5,700 jobs with new factory, battery plant near Memphis", "Nissan to Move U.S. Headquarters to Tennessee", "Mitsubishi North America to move headquarters to Nashville area", "Tennessee home to 9 of world's largest companies", "What are Tennessee's biggest businesses? The governments of Davidson (Nashville), Moore (Lynchburg), and Trousdale (Hartsville) are consolidated with their county seats. [421] This division was related to the state's pattern of Unionist and Confederate loyalism during the Civil War. [252], The 2020 United States census reported Tennessee's population at 6,910,840, an increase of 564,735, or 8.90%, since the 2010 census. After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became a key center of scientific research. [306][307] The state is also one of the top producers of food and drink products, its second-largest manufacturing sector. [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. Find out more [48][49] Most of them were English, but nearly 20% were Scotch-Irish. [52] The next year, after an unsuccessful petition to Virginia, North Carolina agreed to annex the Washington District to provide protection from Native American attacks. The current delegation consists of eight Republicans and one Democrat. The state's highest point, which is also the third-highest peak in eastern North America, is Clingmans Dome, at 6,643 feet (2,025m) above sea level. I-26, although technically an eastwest interstate, begins in Kingsport and runs southwardly through Johnson City before exiting into North Carolina. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. The assessment ratio is 40% of the value times the jurisdiction's tax rate. [55] The Chickamauga, a Cherokee faction loyal to the British led by Dragging Canoe, opposed the settling of the Washington District and Transylvania Colony, and in 1776 attacked Fort Watauga at Sycamore Shoals. [288] Intangible property tax is assessed on the shares of stockholders of any loan, investment, insurance, or for-profit cemetery companies. [180] Due to flooding of the Mississippi that has changed its path, the state's western boundary deviates from the river in some places. ", "Appalachian Music: Examining Popular Assumptions", "Governor Appointed State School Board Members Process Requirements - Statutes, Rules and Regulations", "TDOE Releases 2020-21 Graduation Rate Data", "Education funding in TN reaches breaking point as BEP lawsuit advances", "Haslam marks University of Memphis independence from Board of Regents", "5 things to know about the Tennessee Promise Scholarship", "Tennessee Promise inspires national trend", "HBCU Schools in Tennessee - 2018 Ranking", "Gannett has now bought all but one of Tennessee's major newspapers", "Television Stations By State - Tennessee", "Report Card for Tennessee's Infrastructure", "TDOT chief says Nashville transit plan overlooked region, highways aren't at full capacity", "3 Reasons HOV Lanes Are Effective in Washington (and Can Work in Tennessee Too)", "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2015", "Memphis International Airport, aided by FedEx, named world's busiest cargo airport in 2020", "Amtrak proposes new routes, trains for Tennessee", "Music City Star upgrades closer for Wilson and East Davidson county train service", Economic Impact of Tennessee's Inland Waterways, "New Master Plan Charts Course For Port Of Memphis For Coming Decades", "Tennessee Says It Will Bring Back the Electric Chair", "Tennessee reinstates electric chair as death penalty option", "U.S. District Courts for the Districts of Tennessee", "Vision of Trust Management Model, Responsibility and Reform", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison Tennessee", "Chicago tribune. Separate criminal courts serve 13 of the 31 judicial districts; circuit courts handle criminal cases in the remaining districts. [280] Unionization has historically been low and continues to decline, as in most of the U.S.[281], Tennessee has a reputation as a low-tax state and is usually ranked as one of the five states with the lowest tax burden on residents. [180][182] Uncertainties in the latter 19th century over the location of the state's border with Virginia culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court settling the matter in 1893, which resulted in the division of Bristol between the two states. [64] Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties, now numbering eight, rejoined North Carolina by 1788. [348], Tennessee is perhaps best known culturally for its musical heritage and contributions to the development of many forms of popular music. [259] About 13.6% percent of the population was below the poverty line. This time period has seen the birth of new economic sectors in the state and has positioned the Nashville and Clarksville metropolitan areas as two of the fastest-growing regions in the country. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved legislation allowing cities to adopt a commission form of government based on at-large voting as a means to limit African American political participation. Archaeological excavations indicate that the lower Tennessee Valley was heavily populated by Ice Age hunter-gatherers, and Middle Tennessee is believed to have been rich with game animals such as mastodons. [29][30] The Chickasaw remained confined to West Tennessee, and the middle part of the state contained few Native Americans, although both the Cherokee and the Shawnee claimed the region as their hunting ground. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma. [289], Tennessee has the eighth-most farms in the nation, which cover more than 40% of its land area and have an average size of about 155 acres (0.63km2). [379] Of the state's highways, 1,233 miles (1,984km) are part of the Interstate Highway System. WebPaleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [109] Despite Unionist sentiment in East Tennessee, Confederates held the area for most of the war. [459] The Memphis Tigers are members of the American Athletic Conference, and Murfreesboro's Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders play in Conference USA. [299], Until World War II, Tennessee, like most Southern states, remained predominantly agrarian. [379] These include the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. [346] Parts of West Tennessee, especially Memphis, are sometimes considered part of the Deep South. Nearly threefourths of the state is in the Central Time Zone, with most of East Tennessee on Eastern Time. Immigration from outside the U.S. resulted in a net increase of 79,086, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 259,342. Several annual music festivals take place throughout the state, the largest of which are the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, the CMA Music Festival in Nashville, Bonnaroo in Manchester, and Riverbend in Chattanooga. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. It is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. The Blue Ridge Mountains along the eastern border reach some of the highest elevations in eastern North America, and the Cumberland Plateau contains many scenic valleys and waterfalls. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [310][311], Since the 1990s, the geographical area between Oak Ridge and Knoxville has been known as the Tennessee Technology Corridor, with more than 500 high-tech firms in the region. [24] The Archaic peoples first domesticated dogs, and plants such as squash, corn, gourds, and sunflowers were first grown in Tennessee during the Woodland period. [239], While Tennessee is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, its location makes it susceptible to the remnants of tropical cyclones, which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall. [284] The first $1,250 of individual income and $2,500 of joint income was exempt from this tax. WebIn Tennessee, there are 4 comfortable months with high temperatures in the range of 70-85. [376] Tennessee is currently one of five states with no transportation-related debts. [459] Nashville is also home to the Belmont Bruins, members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) but moving to the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) in July 2022; Tennessee State Tigers, OVC members with no plans to change conferences; and the Lipscomb Bisons, members of the ASUN Conference. [260], With the exception of a slump in the 1980s, Tennessee has been one of the fastest-growing states in the nation since 1970, benefiting from the larger Sun Belt phenomenon. [119], The years after the Civil War were characterized by tension and unrest between blacks and former Confederates, the worst of which occurred in Memphis in 1866. [448], The state is also home to eight minor league teams. [402] Under the Tennessee Plan, the governor appoints justices on all three courts to eight-year terms; they must be retained by the voters during the first general election after appointment and at the end of their term. After lawsuits by environmental groups, the debate was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court case Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill in 1978, leading to amendments of the Endangered Species Act. [381] Known as "Tennessee's Main Street", I-40 serves the major cities of Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and throughout its entire length in Tennessee, one can observe the diversity of the state's geography and landforms. [194] The New Madrid Seismic Zone in the northwestern part of the state produced a series of devastating earthquakes between December 1811 and February 1812 that formed Reelfoot Lake near Tiptonville. 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