The average temperature in January is 1 degree below zero Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July . All facility staff assigned to classification duties shall be adequately trained in the facility's classification process. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. Its largest branch is Kvadrat 500, located on the NFGA premises, where some 2,000 works are on display in twenty eight exhibition halls. The city became an inseparable part of The First Bulgarian Empire (7th-9th centuries) under Han Omurtag (reign 814-831). The city is located at a strategic crossroads. However, due to the bad communication between the private offshore company that runs the resort and Sofia municipality, most of the ski areas have been left to decay in the last 10 years, so that only one chairlift and one slope work. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. It has a humid continental climate. In 1382, the city fell to the Ottomans. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. [212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. The Slavic name Sredets (), which is related to "middle" (, "sreda") and to the city's earliest name, first appeared on paper in an 11th-century text. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. The SS. [157] There are also various other sports complexes in the city which belong to institutions other than football clubs, such as those of the National Sports Academy, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, or those of different universities. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. After the Liberation War, knyaz Alexander Battenberg invited architects from Austria-Hungary to shape the new capital's architectural appearance.[117]. [132], Under Bulgaria's centralised political system, Sofia concentrates much of the political and financial resources of the country. It is the only city in Bulgaria to host three electoral constituencies: the 23rd, 24th and 25th Multi-member Constituencies, which together field 42 mandates in the 240-member National Assembly. The Konyarnika Center is 1,507 meters high. Springs and autumns in Sofia are usually short with variable and dynamic weather. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. Sofia has been settled for many millennia. By the 19th century the Bulgarian population had two schools and seven churches, contributing to the Bulgarian National Revival. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. Ivanova, Svetlana, "ofya", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Some known holders of the title were Kaloyan, Peter and their relative Aleksandar Asen (d. after 1232), a son of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r.11891196). Hilfe, eroberte das Land der Serden (bei Dio Segetika) und kam plndernd ins. Bianquis, C.E. Sofia has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb; Cfb if with 3C isotherm) with an average annual temperature of 10.9C (51.6F). The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. A fundamental principle of ODRC classification processes is to place individuals in the least restrictive setting possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. Any detainee who cannot be classified because of missing information at the time The National Institute of Corrections helps agencies develop or modify their . The city expanded and became a significant political and economical centre, more so as it became one of the first Roman cities where Christianity was recognised as an official religion (under Galerius). [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. Prison Classification. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. By clicking Allow All, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. [23] It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. [116] Sofia's architecture combines a wide range of architectural styles, some of which are aesthetically incompatible. Bulgaria's largest art museums are located in the central areas of the city. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. The museum has one of the largest collections anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). The Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Military History hold large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively. OJC systems use locally developed and validated instruments, one at intake and another after a period of confinement, that identify the level of risk and needs presented by an inmate so that appropriate housing and program assignments can be made. There are two golf courses within an hours drive of the city, in the city of Ihtiman and the village of Ravno Polye, both offering excellent facilities to play and practice this sport that is becoming more and more popular in Bulgaria. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 3 is considered General Population, but is designed for individuals who are more likely to, or have previously engage(d), in disruptive prison behavior. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. "Sofia. - . Like every big city, Sofia has something for every taste. When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. Many Bulgarian residents of Sofia armed themselves and sided with the Russian forces. Serdika was the favorite city of Constantine the Great (reign 306-337), who said: Serdika is my Rome. In roughly 175, massive fortified walls, with four watchtowers were built to protect the city, and a second outer fortified wall was added during the 5th-6th centuries. In addition, Sofia hosted EuroBasket 1957 and the 1961 and 1977 Summer Universiades, as well as the 1983 and 1989 winter editions. Population over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,400,384 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,500,120. Adjacent to this church is the Theological Seminary, which houses The National Historical and Archeological Museum. [133], With a murder rate of 1.7/per 100.000 people (as of 2009[update]) Sofia is a quite safe capital city. Sredets joined the uprising of Peter Delyan in 10401041 in a failed attempt to restore Bulgarian independence and was the last stronghold of the rebels, led by the local commander Botko. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. ", "Museum of Socialist Art National Gallery", "NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Information for the area of city of Sofia", " , . Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. In 2015 seven new stations were opened and the underground extended to Sofia Airport on its Northern branch and to Business Park Sofia on its Southern branch. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. The Central Railway Station is the primary hub for domestic and international rail transport, carried out by Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ), the national rail company headquartered in the city. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. ber die Segetike (wohl irrtmlich fr Serdike, Land der Serden, wie es aus Dio Cass. The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding 35C (95F) on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. There are many more capitals in the city, such as the Polytechnical Museum, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Sports Museum. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. Masterpieces of Bulgarian painting are on display at The National Art Gallery, located in what was formerly the Bulgarian Royal Palace. Another Christian monument in the region is the Saint Joseph Catholic Cathedral. [149] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Drer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. ERH represents the highest level of security possible in the 3-Tier System and is reserved for those who cannot be safely managed at any lower security level. Consulted online on 23 January 2018. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. During May and June, The Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in the festival Sofia Music Weeks. The capitals many theaters and galleries offer a wide range of interesting exhibits and shows. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. When it comes to the cityscape, 16th century sources mention eight Friday mosques, three public libraries, numerous schools, 12 churches, three synagogues, and the largest bedesten (market) of the Balkans. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. In 986, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II laid siege to Sredets but after 20 days of fruitless assaults the garrison broke out and forced the Byzantines to abandon the campaign. Since the 18th century the beylerbeys of Rumelia often stayed in Bitola, which became the official capital of the province in 1826. "[102], From the 14th century till the 19th century Sofia was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire. [92] which was already not dissimilar to a tetrarchic capital of the Roman Empire. The city center contains many remains of ancient Serdica that have been excavated and are on public display, including Complex Ancient Serdica, eastern gate, western gate, city walls, thermal baths, 4th c. church of St. George Rotunda, amphitheatre of Serdica, the tombs and basilicas under the basilica of St. Sophia. The authors examine issues related to classification of female jail inmates by profiling the female inmate population and discussing problems associated with using a single classification system for both male and female inmates or a gender-neutral system. Level 3 - The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 2, and requires more security/supervision than Level 2, but less than Level 4. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. The Iskar flows north and forms the Iskar Gorge. Petka Samardzhiyska Church is built in the 11th century. [71], Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. LI, 25, 4 erhellt)", "Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. The assembly members are chosen every four years. [82] The inscription and Dio Cassius told that the Roman general Crassus subdued the Serdi and behanded the captives. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). Sofia is ranked as Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. Artificial and dam lakes were built in the twentieth century. Level 2 - A security level for individuals who are deemed in need of more supervision than Level 1, but less than Level 3. [80], The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. In 1945, the communist Fatherland Front took power. : +359 2 4918345 E-mail: tourist@info-sofia.bg, Tel. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. This web site uses cookies. Visitors exploring the citys streets can see remnants of The Eastern Gate from the days when Sofia was Serdika and Sredets, dating from the 2nd-4th centuries CE. ERH - A security level for individuals who commit or lead others to commit violent, disruptive, predatory, riotous actions, or who otherwise pose a serious threat to the security of the institution as set forth in the established ERH criteria. Being a pedestrian zone, it is a very pleasant place for strolling and relaxation. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:42. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. [210] More than 20,000 students[211] study in its 16 faculties. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. 18792004". In total there were 11 big and over 100 small mosques by the 17th century. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. The city is the hot spot of internal migration, the capital population is increasing and is around 17% of the national,[162] thus a small number of people with local roots remain today, they dominate the surrounding rural suburbs and are called Shopi. The people with juridical status divorced or widowed are either part of the factual singles or those having another type of partnership, each of the two constitutes by around 10% of the population aged over 20. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. In Sofia there are 607,473 dwellings and 101,696 buildings. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). The Sofia Zoological Garden in the southern part of the city is the countrys largest zoo. Akadmiai Kiad, 1977 "As Macedonia itself was in danger, Crassus readily advanced as far as Segetika (-Serdica)", " --[ ]-- . - 18771878 . We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. The city is a preferred destination for international congresses, and there are a great many halls and centers offering possibilities for every need. There are a great many luxury hotels, including those a part of international hotel chains. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. Inmate Inquiry. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. Among the architects invited to work in Bulgaria were Friedrich Grnanger, Adolf Vclav Kol, and Viktor Rumpelmayer, who designed the most important public buildings needed by the newly re-established Bulgarian government, as well as numerous houses for the country's elite. Bulgarian rule was restored in 1878. Inmates here usually have sentences up to 30 years to complete. (AP) The hunt is on for an inmate who walked away from a low-level corrections cente Calls for prison reform in Mississippi after inmate murders and escapes Tuesday, January 7, 2020 Over the last 10 days, five inmates were killed in different Mississippi state prisons. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin Hoover PD; Bond Number Bond Type Bond Amount; 2023-00000019: Good Bond: 2023-00000020: Good Bond: 2023-00000021: Good Bond: Charges Court Date Court Court Room; No data: Number Charge . complete the classification process; 2. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. The infant mortality rate was 5.6 per 1,000, down from 18.9 in 1980. Level 1 - The lowest security level in the classification system. [165] The real GDP (PPP) per capita growth at the time was 2.5% and the employment went up by 3.4% to 962,400.
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